Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy is a procedure that allows a doctor to look directly at the urethra and bladder. In cystoscopy, a narrow tube with a light and camera is inserted through the urethra and into the bladder. The physician can look at all the structures and at any stones, tumors, or other conditions of the urinary tract.
The procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis using a flexible cystoscope and local anesthesia, although sometimes a rigid cystoscope and spinal or general anesthesia are required. Flexible cystoscopic examinations are usually performed in the doctor's office; rigid cystoscopic examinations are usually performed in a hospital. While you are lying on your back, your doctor will gently insert the cystoscope into your urethra and your bladder. You may be able to view the images on a monitor.
Depending on the reason for the test, your doctor may pass water into your bladder to see how much it retains. He or she may also insert a small instrument to remove a tiny sample of tissue for examination under a microscope.
After cystoscopy, you will probably be advised to avoid exercise and sexual intercourse for a week or two and to drink lots of fluids.
Most cystoscopic examinations are completed without complications. However, there is a small risk of bladder infection or injury to the urethra or bladder. A small amount of blood in your urine is normal during the first day after the examination, but should be reported to your doctor if it persists. Similarly, report any difficulty urinating or fever, which can signal injury or bladder infection ("Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide").

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